Testing internationalized software using test resource file and test font

ABSTRACT

An efficient testing method is provided for internationalized software executed in a plurality of language environments. The method includes mock-translating an externalized resource file written in a first language of the internationalized software by converting characters of the first language to characters of a second language based on a conversion table; and displaying output information from the internationalized software that performs processing by referring to the mock-translated test resource file using one of a plurality of fonts prepared for respective test categories.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to Japan Patent Application No. 2006-246177,filed Sep. 11, 2006 and is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/853,359, filed Sep. 11, 2007.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a technology for testinginternationalized software executed in a plurality of languageenvironments. More particularly, the present invention relates to atechnology concerning a test of an output to a user from theinternationalized software executed in a language environment differentfrom that of an original language, which is capable of improvingvisibility of test objects to enable efficient testing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Software supporting a plurality of languages is called“internationalized software”. In the internationalized software, a textstring part to be displayed on a screen is separated from the sourcecode, and the text string part thus separated is stored as anexternalized resource file. The externalized resource file is referredto upon execution of the internationalized software, and used by theinternationalized software to make a screen display. When such aconfiguration is employed, it is only necessary for a developer of theinternationalized software to translate the externalized resource fileto another language to make the internationalized software support theother language. Moreover, once the externalized resource file istranslated, it is unnecessary to redo the translation even if theexecution code is changed.

In a development process of such internationalized software, tests areconducted for various characteristics or aspects (hereinafter, referredto as “test categories”) to see whether the internationalized softwareoperates properly in language environments of different countries. Amongthem, the tests concerning an output to the user include one that checkswhether a message or other character string to be displayed to the userhas been separated from the source code and externalized properly as aresource file. In other words, this is a hard-coded character stringdetection test that confirms that the message or other character stringto be displayed to the user is not directly described (i.e., hard-coded)in the source code. There also is a validation test of a sort resultthat checks whether a list of character strings is sorted properly inthe order defined in each language, such as alphabetic order. Alsoconducted is a displayability test of language-specific characters thatchecks whether characters specific to each language are displayedproperly without being garbled, for example.

Translation of the externalized resource file takes time. Thus, in thedevelopment process, it is not feasible to use a translated,externalized resource file for testing each problem category describedabove in each desired language. For this reason, there wasconventionally developed a method for mock-translating an externalizedresource file to use it as the externalized resource file thatapproximates certain attributes, such as character length, of a targetlanguage. In this conventional technology, the mock translation includesplaceholder data, e.g., characters, that expands the spacing allocatedto the text to accommodate for the spacing required for translations. Ina preferred embodiment, all English text that would appear on thegraphical user interface (i.e., buttons, menus, pop-up dialogs, dialogwindow titles, dialog text, error messages, help windows, etc.) isexpanded using tildes, and is enclosed with brackets, i.e., [ ]. Thismock translation data is stored in localization files and displayed in asoftware application in place of the English or foreign-language text.The GUI is then tested by visually inspecting each screen. Theprogrammer or proofreader is able to easily recognize many errors thatwould occur if the GUI were to be displayed in a translated language,without requiring the ability to read any foreign languages. Theseerrors, referred to as internationalization errors, include truncation,expansion, alignment, or other formatting errors, and programming errorssuch as text that is hard-coded, text missing from localization files,localization files missing from the program build, and text composed ofmore than one translated message (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,507,812 and U.S.Pat. No. 6,453,462). There also is a technology in which narrow orsingle-width alphabetic characters of the original language are allreplaced with wide or double-width alphabetic characters to create amock translation (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,123). In these technologies,it is confirmed that on a screen display of the output of theinternationalized software that performs processing by referring to themock-translated resource file, the added characters or the double-widthalphabetic characters are displayed properly for each of the characterstrings of the original language. If only a character string of theoriginal language is displayed, it is a hard-coded character string.Further, if any of the added characters or the double-width alphabeticcharacters is replaced with another character, it is a garbledcharacter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention improves techniques for internationalizing software byusing mock translation files. A second file of messages to be outputtedby the software is created from a first file of messages. The messagesin the first file are written in a first language. The creating of thesecond file comprises for each message in the first file,

a) applying specified rules to form a second message by changing thecharacter length of the second message,b) filling in any blank characters in the second message with a dummycharacter,c) inserting characters from the target language into prescribed placesin the second message to form a second message having both characters ofthe first language and characters of the target language, andd) copying the second message into the second file,andexecuting the software using the second file.

In another embodiment, a second file of messages to be outputted by thesoftware is created from the first file of messages. The messages in thefirst file are written in a first language. One or more test charactersin a target language are selected. The creating of the second filecomprises for each message in the first file, translating all charactersin the first language corresponding to the test characters to thecorresponding characters in the target language, and changing all othercharacters in the message to a dummy visible character, copying thetranslated message into the second file and executing the software usingthe second file.

In view of the foregoing, the invention improves the mock translation ofthe conventional art. The first improvement is that, for each stringitem in the resource file of the original language, different charactersof the translation target language that would likely cause a problem areadded before and after, or only before, the first characters of thecharacter strings of the original language in the mock resource file.The second improvement is that marks indicating the beginning and theend of an assignment portion of a string item are added before and afterthe assignment portion in the mock resource file. With theseimprovements, on the screen display of the output of theinternationalized software performing processing by referring to themock-translated resource file, different characters of the translationtarget language are displayed in front of the character strings of theoriginal language. Accordingly, it has become possible to conduct thevalidation test of the sort result on the display screen of theinternationalized software using the improved mock translation, whichwas not possible with the above-described conventional technologies.Furthermore, with the improved mock translation, different characters ofthe translation target language of an arbitrary length can be added todifferent first characters of the character strings of the originallanguage. Thus, in the improved mock translation, it has become possibleto conduct the displayability test for a greater number oflanguage-specific characters using a single resource file. Stillfurther, on the screen display of the internationalized software usingthe improved mock translation, the marks indicating the beginning andthe end of the assignment portion are displayed before and after theassignment portion. As a result, the assignment portion has becomedistinguishable, and accordingly, in the improved mock translation, ithas become possible to appropriately conduct the detection of thehard-coded character string(s) for the assignment portion.

The improved testing method described above, however, still has severalproblems. Firstly, in the improved testing method of the conventionalart, although the assignment portion may be identified, there still is apossibility that a hard-coded character string may be overlooked.Further, in the improved testing method, although it may be possible toconfirm that the list of the character strings is sorted as a result ofsorting, a tester who does not have any knowledge about the translationtarget language cannot determine whether the sort result is correct ornot. Even a tester having knowledge about the translation targetlanguage will not be able to immediately determine whether the sortresult is correct or not for Japanese or other language having a greatnumber of types of characters. Furthermore, with the improved method, anincreased number of types of characters of the translation targetlanguage are displayed on the screen, making it impossible for thetester to immediately determine whether there is any garbled characteramong the characters displayed on the screen.

Moreover, in the improved testing method, it is tried to check for allthe test categories on a single display screen of the internationalizedsoftware that performs processing by referring to the mock-translatedresource file; this results in poor visibility of the test objects. Ifdifferent externalized resource files suitable for the respectivecontents of the test categories are prepared, however, it will benecessary to restart the internationalized software the number of timescorresponding to the number of test categories, which hinders efficienttesting.

In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is toprovide a method, apparatus and program for efficiently testinginternationalized software with improved visibility of the test objectsand with no need of restarting the internationalized software, and toprovide a data structure of a font used for the test. Another object ofthe present invention is to ensure that hard-coded character strings aredetected without omission in the test of the internationalized software.A further object of the present invention is to ensure that, when aplurality of character strings are sorted, determination as to whetherthe sort result is proper can be made irrespective of presence/absenceof knowledge about the translation target language in the test of theinternationalized software. Yet another object of the present inventionis to facilitate determination as to whether there is any garbledcharacter in the test of the internationalized software.

To achieve the above-described objects, the present invention provides amethod for testing internationalized software executed by a computer asfollows. Herein, the internationalized software refers to software thatperforms processing by referring to an externalized resource file andthat is executed in a plurality of language environments. The method fortesting the internationalized software includes the steps of: readingdata from the externalized resource file written in a first language;generating a test resource file written in a second language from theexternalized resource file written in the first language by convertingcharacters of the first language included in the data to characters ofthe second language by referring to a conversion table having thecharacters of the first language and the characters of the secondlanguage associated one for one with each other; executing theinternationalized software; and displaying output information outputtedfrom the internationalized software that performs processing byreferring to the test resource file as the externalized resource file ona screen by using one of a plurality of fonts prepared for respectivetest categories of the internationalized software.

Herein, character codes included in the output information can beclassified into three groups: a first group of a plurality of charactercodes corresponding to the characters of the first language, which arenot supposed to be included in the output information; a second group ofa plurality of character codes corresponding to the characters of thesecond language included in the conversion table, which are supposed tobe included in the output information; and a third group of a pluralityof character codes not corresponding to either the characters of thefirst language or the characters of the second language included in theconversion table, which are not supposed to be included in the outputinformation. Further, each of the plurality of fonts employing aprescribed coding scheme uses different association rules whenassociating character shapes to a group of a plurality of charactercodes that are test objects in a test of the internationalized softwareand a group of the other character codes in the prescribed charactercoding scheme, such that the character codes as the test objects and theother character codes are distinguishable from each other in a displayof the output information using the relevant font.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the character codes asthe test objects are displayed in a manner distinguishable from theother character codes, which improves visibility of the test objects.While the test objects differ for each test category, according to thepresent invention, a plurality of fonts are prepared for the respectivetest categories, so that it is possible to provide a display screensuitable for the test for each test category by only using thecorresponding font, without the need to restart the internationalizedsoftware.

Preferably, the step of displaying the output information using one ofthe plurality of fonts includes the step of displaying the outputinformation using one font selected by a user from the plurality offonts. Alternatively, the above step includes the step of displaying theoutput information by switching the font being used to one font selectedby a user from the plurality of fonts. Further, preferably, theconversion table has some of the characters of the first languageassociated one for one with some of the characters of the secondlanguage that would likely cause a problem in terms of display.

Further, preferably, the test categories include detection of ahard-coded character string. In the font used for the detection of thehard-coded character string, the first group corresponds to the group ofa plurality of character codes that are the test objects, and thecharacter codes of the first group are each associated with thecharacter shape of the character of the first language corresponding tothe relevant character code without modification. Preferably, the abovefont causes each of the other character codes in the prescribedcharacter coding scheme to be associated with a same character shape.The same character shape is preferably a less frequently used symbol oran inconspicuous symbol such as a hollow square symbol.

Further, preferably, the test categories include validity of a sortresult of character strings according to the order of characters definedin the second language. In the font used for the determination ofvalidity of the sort result, the second group corresponds to the groupof a plurality of character codes that are the test objects, and thecharacter codes of the second group are each associated with thecharacter shape indicating the order defined for the character of thesecond language corresponding to the relevant character code.Preferably, the above font causes each of the other character codes inthe prescribed character coding scheme to be associated with a samecharacter shape. The same character shape is preferably a lessfrequently used symbol or an inconspicuous symbol such as a hollowsquare symbol.

Further, preferably, the test categories include displayability ofcharacters specific to the second language. In the font used for thedetermination of displayability, the third group corresponds to thegroup of a plurality of character codes that are the test objects, andthe character codes of the third group are each associated with a samecharacter shape. The same character shape is preferably a lessfrequently used symbol or a conspicuous symbol.

Further, preferably, the test categories include character stringconfirmation for confirming the character strings included in theexternalized resource file written in the first language. In the fontused for the character string confirmation, the second group correspondsto the group of a plurality of character codes that are the testobjects, and the character codes of the second group are each associatedwith the character shape of the character of the first language that hasthe character of the second language corresponding to the relevantcharacter code as a converted-to character upon generation of the testresource file. In the above test category, the first group alsocorresponds to the group of a plurality of character codes that are thetest objects, and the character codes of the first group are eachassociated with the character shape of the character of the firstlanguage corresponding to the relevant character code withoutmodification.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda data structure of a font employing a prescribed character codingscheme used in a test of internationalized software that refers to atest resource file generated by converting all the characters of a firstcharacter included in an externalized resource file written in the firstlanguage to characters of a second language one for one based on aconversion table. The data structure includes: a plurality of firstcharacter codes that are test objects in the test; a plurality of itemsof first character shape information associated one for one with theplurality of first character codes according to a first rule; aplurality of second character codes that are other character codes inthe prescribed character coding scheme; and a plurality of items ofsecond character shape information associated one for one with theplurality of second character codes according to a second rule.

Here, the plurality of first character codes correspond to one of aplurality of character codes corresponding to the characters of thefirst language, a plurality of character codes corresponding to thecharacters of the second language included in the conversion table, anda plurality of character codes not corresponding to either thecharacters of the first language or the characters of the secondlanguage included in the conversion table. When the first character codeis detected from an output of the internationalized software thatperforms processing by referring to the test resource file, the firstcharacter shape information corresponding to the relevant firstcharacter code is retrieved from the font data and used for screendisplay. When the second character code is detected from the output, thesecond character shape information corresponding to the relevant secondcharacter code is retrieved from the font data, which is used for screendisplay.

While the present invention has been explained above as the method fortesting the internationalized software, it is also possible tounderstand the present invention as an apparatus, a program, or astorage medium storing the program. Further, the features explained inconjunction with the method for testing the internationalized softwaremay be adapted to the data structure of the font used for the test ofthe internationalized software explained as another aspect of thepresent invention. Furthermore, the present invention explained as thedata structure of the font may also be understood as a recording mediumstoring the relevant data structure of the font.

According to the present invention, it is possible to conduct anefficient test concerning an output to a user of internationalizedsoftware executed in a language environment different from that of anoriginal language, with improved visibility of the test objects and withno need to restart the internationalized software for each testcategory. Other advantages will be explained in the followingdescription of the embodiments of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows an example of an externalized resource file of a testobject program, FIG. 1B shows an example of a part of a source code ofthe test object program, and FIG. 1C shows an example of an outputscreen of the test object program;

FIG. 2A shows an example of a mock-translated resource file based on aconventional art, and FIG. 2B shows an example of an output screen ofthe test object program;

FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of an apparatus for creating a testresource file according to an embodiment of the present invention and anapparatus for testing a test object program according to the embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 4A shows an example of an externalized resource file of a testobject program, FIG. 4B shows an example of a conversion table accordingto an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4C shows an exampleof a test resource file according to the embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIGS. 5 a and 5 b show a flowchart illustrating an example of a processflow of the apparatus for creating a test resource file according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows an example of a display screen having the execution resultof a test object program displayed using a regular font;

FIG. 7A shows an example of a hard-coded character detection fontaccording to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7B showsan example of a display screen having the processed result of the testobject program displayed using the hard-coded character detection font;

FIG. 8A shows an example of a garbled character detection font accordingto an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8B shows an exampleof a display screen having the processed result of the test objectprogram displayed using the garbled character detection font;

FIG. 9A shows an example of a reverse font according to an embodiment ofthe present invention, and FIG. 9B shows an example of a display screenhaving the processed result of the test object program displayed usingthe reverse font;

FIG. 10A shows an example of a sort font according to an embodiment ofthe present invention, and FIG. 10B shows an example of a display screenhaving the processed result of the test object program displayed usingthe sort font;

FIG. 11A shows a flowchart illustrating an example of a process flow ofthe apparatus for testing a test object program according to anembodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11B shows a flowchartillustrating an example of a process flow for creating a display screenof the processed result using a designated font;

FIG. 12 shows an implementation example of an overall system accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating an example of a process flow ofthe entire system shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 shows an example of a dialog box displayed for selection of afont to be used; and

FIG. 15 shows an example of a hardware configuration of the apparatusfor creating a test resource file according to an embodiment of thepresent invention and the apparatus for testing a test object programaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the present inventionmay be embodied as a method, system, or computer program product.Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirelyhardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (includingfirmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodimentcombining software and hardware aspects that may all generally bereferred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore,the present invention may take the form of a computer program product ona computer-usable storage medium having computer-usable program codeembodied in the medium.

Any suitable computer usable or computer readable medium may beutilized. The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, forexample but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical,electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device,or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) ofthe computer-readable medium would include the following: an electricalconnection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, ahard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), anerasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), anoptical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), anoptical storage device, a transmission media such as those supportingthe Internet or an intranet, or a magnetic storage device. Note that thecomputer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be paper oranother suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as theprogram can be electronically captured, via, for instance, opticalscanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, orotherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then storedin a computer memory. In the context of this document, a computer-usableor computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store,communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or inconnection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.The computer-usable medium may include a propagated data signal with thecomputer-usable program code embodied therewith, either in baseband oras part of a carrier wave. The computer usable program code may betransmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited tothe Internet, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc.

Computer program code for carrying out operations of the presentinvention may be written in an object oriented programming language suchas JAVA™, Smalltalk™, C++ or the like. However, the computer programcode for carrying out operations of the present invention may also bewritten in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the“C” programming language or similar programming languages. The programcode may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user'scomputer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user'scomputer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remotecomputer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may beconnected to the user's computer through a local area network (LAN) or awide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an externalcomputer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet ServiceProvider).

The present invention is described below with reference to flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) andcomputer program products according to embodiments of the invention. Itwill be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/orblock diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computerprogram instructions. These computer program instructions may beprovided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purposecomputer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce amachine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor ofthe computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, createmeans for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchartand/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable memory that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readablememory produce an article of manufacture including instruction meanswhich implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer orother programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series ofoperational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmableapparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that theinstructions which execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified inthe flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

Prior to the description of the present invention, an externalizedresource file of internationalized software, an improved mocktranslation method and problems thereof will be explained with referenceto FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, and 2B. Hereinafter, the internationalizedsoftware is referred to as a “program to be tested” or “test objectprogram”, and the externalized resource file is simply referred to as a“resource file”. FIG. 1A shows, as an example of the resource file, aresource file 100 of a test object program with English as the originallanguage. As shown in the figures, the resource file includes aplurality of items, each consisting of a key and a character string tobe assigned to the key. When the test object program encounters a key atthe time of execution, it searches the resource file for the relevantkey, and reads the value of the character string to be assigned to thekey. This operation will now be described in more detail using a sourcecode 105 shown in FIG. 1B and an output screen 110 of the test objectprogram shown in FIG. 1C.

The command “showMessage( )” included in the source code 105 is acommand to display on a screen a character string obtained by assigningthe second argument to the variable included in the character string ofthe first argument. Specifically, when executing the “showMessage”command, the test object program retrieves the key “MSG01” as the firstargument from the resource file 100, and reads the correspondingcharacter string value “The status is {0}.” The test object program thenassigns “Green”, received as the second argument, to {0} of the readcharacter string value, to eventually display “The status is Green.” onthe screen, as shown in 115 in FIG. 1C. It is noted that {0} included inthe character string assigned to the key MSG01 is an “assignmentportion”, and the variable assigned to {0} has its value determined atthe time of execution.

Now, the improved mock translation method and problems thereof will beexplained with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B. As described above, in theimproved mock translation, different characters of a translation targetlanguage that would likely cause a problem are added before and afterthe first character of the character string of the original language foreach item in the resource file of the original language. Further, marksindicating the “beginning” and the “end” are added before and after theassignment portion included in the resource file. The mock-translatedresource file 200 shown in FIG. 2A corresponds to the resource file 100shown in FIG. 1A that is mock-translated according to the improvedtechnology. Herein, the translation target language is Japanese.

As seen from FIG. 2A, in this example, the characters

and

and the characters

and

are selected and added before and after the first characters ofalphabets “T” and “G”, respectively, as the characters that would likelycause a problem. For the first characters of the other items, differentJapanese characters are selected and added before and after thedifferent alphabets. The first character of each item is put in “( )”,facilitating identification of the first character. Further, thecharacters

and

are added before and after the assignment portion {0}.

FIG. 2B shows a screen 205 that is displayed when the test objectprogram, read for execution of the mock translation, executes the sourcecode shown in FIG. 1B. Focusing on the character string “Green”displayed in the field 210, the characters

and

are displayed before and after “Green”, with no Japanese charactersadded before and after the first character “G”, and it is thusunderstood that this character string is a hard-coded, assignedcharacter string. The first characters of the three character strings inthe list box 215 each have different Japanese characters added beforeand after the same, and it is thus understood that it is possible tocarry out a validation test of a sort result by executing the Sortcommand. Furthermore, the Japanese characters displayed before and afterthe first character “R” of the character string “Refresh the Status”displayed on the button 225 are different from the initially addedJapanese characters, so that it is understood that there is a problem indisplay of the characters

and

in the relevant portion.

However, the testing method utilizing such improved mock translationstill has several problems as described above. One problem is that,although the assignment portion may be identified, the hard-codedcharacter string may be overlooked. As for the character string havingan assignment portion, not only the original character string having acharacter string assigned thereto, but also the character string in theassignment portion have to be confirmed whether it is a hard-codedcharacter string or not. The confirmation of the hard-coded characterstring is carried out based on the first character of the characterstring as described above. This means that, when the assignment portionis in the middle of the character string, as is the case of thecharacter string in the field 210 of FIG. 2B, the confirmation of thehard-coded character string may not be possible for the assignmentportion that is not positioned at the beginning of the character string.

Another problem is that, even if it can be confirmed that the list ofthe character strings is rearranged as a result of sorting,determination as to whether the sorting is proper is difficult. It willbe difficult for not only the tester who does not have any knowledge ofthe translation target language but also the tester who has knowledgethereof to immediately determine whether the sorting has been correctlyperformed or not for a language having a great number of characters likeJapanese. Yet another problem is that in the testing method utilizingthe improved mock translation, a large number of types of characters ofthe translation target language are displayed on the screen, hinderingimmediate determination as to whether there is any garbled character inthe displayed characters. For example, it is not possible to identifythe garbled characters by seeing the display screen 205 in FIG. 2Balone.

Furthermore, with the improved testing method, visibility of the testobjects on the display screen is low, since a single display screen ofthe internationalized software that performs processing by referring toa mock-translated, externalized resource file is used to try to confirmthe results all at once. On the other hand, if an externalized resourcefile suitable for the test content is to be prepared for every testcategory, it will be necessary to restart the internationalized softwarethe number of times corresponding to the number of test categories,hindering efficient testing.

In view of the foregoing, the present invention solves theabove-described problems by using a newly developed test resource fileand a plurality of fonts prepared for the respective test categories.More specifically, the present invention makes it possible to provide adisplay screen suitable for the test for each test category, whilepreparing only one mock-translated resource file for the test, bydisplaying the output from the test object program that performsprocessing by referring to the resource file by using a plurality offonts prepared for the respective test categories. The problems specificto the respective test categories are solved by preparing a plurality offonts for the respective test categories, and by making the charactercodes as the test objects distinguishable from the character codes thatare not the test objects, while giving some thought to the charactershapes to be associated with the character codes.

Firstly, a novel method of mock translating a resource file according tothe present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4A,4B, 4C, 5A, and 5B. Subsequently, a method of testing a test objectprogram using the mock-translated resource file and a plurality of fontsprepared for the respective test categories will be described withreference to FIGS. 3, 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B, 10A, 10B, 11A, and 11B.

The portion in FIG. 3 delimited by a dotted line is a functional blockdiagram of an apparatus 300 for creating a test resource file accordingto an embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus 300 includes: afirst storage unit storing an original resource file 310 and aconversion table 320; test resource file generating unit 330; and asecond storage unit storing a test resource file 340. It is noted thatthe first and second storage units may physically be a single storagedevice. Further, while Unicode is employed as a prescribed charactercoding scheme in the present embodiment, the present invention is notrestricted thereto, and it is of course possible to employ any othercharacter coding scheme. The “character code” as used herein is a codeassociated with a character, which is called a “code point” in Unicode.

The original resource file 310 is an original resource file referred toby the test object program during execution. FIG. 4A shows, as anexample of the original resource file 310, a resource file 400 in whichthe original language is English. In the present embodiment, thetranslation target language is Japanese. The conversion table 320 is atable in which the characters of the original language as the firstlanguage and the characters of the translation target language as thesecond language are associated with each other one for one. In order toenable such one-to-one mapping, it is required that the range of thecharacter codes of the characters used in the translation targetlanguage is greater than the range of the character codes of thecharacters used in the original language. For example, English (ASCIIcode) uses the smallest range of the character codes, so that it ispossible to select Japanese, Chinese, Korean or French as thetranslation target language. In contrast, when French is the originallanguage, although it may be possible to select Japanese or Chinese asthe translation target language, it is not possible to select English.Preferably, in the conversion table 320, some of the characters of theoriginal language are associated one for one with the characters of thetranslation target language that would likely cause a problem in termsof display.

Here, the characters that would likely cause a problem in terms ofdisplay will be described with reference to Japanese characters by wayof example. Firstly, the Japanese characters

,

and

each have the character code in which the second byte corresponds to thebit pattern used in the English language environment as a control codefor line feed or the like, so that it may not be displayed properly insome type of the character coding scheme being used. Further, severalJapanese characters including

may be converted to different characters in some type of the charactercoding scheme being used. For example, while the character code of

is U+9BF5 in Unicode, this is converted to OX88B1 in the charactercoding scheme called “MS932”, whereas it is converted to OXE9CB in thecharacter coding scheme called “CCSID 942”. Even the characters otherthan those that are known to possibly cause a problem may not bedisplayed properly. Accordingly, it is desirable in the conversion table320 that some of the characters of the original language are associatedone for one with the characters of the translation target language thatwould likely cause a problem, such that the table includes both thenormal characters and the characters that would likely cause a problemin terms of display.

FIG. 4B shows, as an example of the conversion table 320, a conversiontable 405 in which English characters are associated one for one withJapanese characters. In the conversion table 405, in the two columns onthe left are the English characters and the character codes assignedthereto, and in the two columns on the right are the correspondingJapanese characters and the character codes assigned thereto. Theconversion table 320 defines the correspondence for the characters usedin the original language, except the meta characters that are symbolsused when creating a pattern with regular expression. As seen from theconversion table 405, in Unicode, the English characters except the metacharacters are assigned with the character codes in the range fromU+0020 to U+007E. Here, the English capital letters “S”, “T” and “U” areassociated with

,

and

respectively, that would likely cause a problem.

The test resource file generating unit 330 reads the original resourcefile 310 and the conversion table 320 from the first storage unit, andconverts the characters of the first language to the characters of thesecond language based on the conversion table 320, to thereby generate atest resource file 340 written in the second language from the resourcefile 310 of the test object program written in the first language. Thetest resource file 340 thus generated is stored in the second storageunit as the resource file of the test object program. FIG. 4C shows atest resource file 410 that is generated from the original resource file400 by converting the English characters to the Japanese charactersbased on the conversion table 405. As seen from the figure, the testresource file 410 does not include any character of the originallanguage of English.

An example of the process flow of the apparatus 300 according to thepresent embodiment will now be described with reference to the flowchartshown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. FIG. 5A is a flowchart illustrating an outlineof the process flow of the apparatus 300 of the present embodiment. Theapparatus 300 firstly reads an original resource file 310 from the firststorage unit (step 500). The apparatus 300 then converts the charactersof the first language to the characters of the second language based onthe conversion table 320, to generate a test resource file 340 writtenin the second language from the original resource file 310 written inthe first language of the test object program (step 505). Lastly, theapparatus 300 stores the generated test resource file 340 to the secondstorage unit (step 510).

Now, the process in the step 505 will be described in detail withreference to FIG. 5B. Firstly, as pre-processing, the apparatus 300reads the conversion table 320 from the first storage unit and an emptytest resource file 340 from the second storage unit. Thereafter, themain process is started, and the test resource file generating unit 330determines whether the original resource file 310 includes any readableitem (step 515). If there is no readable item (step 515: NO), theprocess is terminated. If it determines that there is a readable item(step 515: YES), the test resource file generating unit 330 reads oneitem from the original resource file 310 (step 520). The test resourcefile generating unit 330 extracts a key from the read item and assignsit to a variable Key (step 525), and writes the variable Key to the testresource file 340 (step 530).

Next, The test resource file generating unit 330 extracts a characterstring value from the read item, and assigns it to a variable Text (step535), and further reads one character from the variable Text and assignsit to a variable X (step 540). For confirmation of the assignmentportion, The test resource file generating unit 330 confirms the valueof the variable X, and if it is a numerical character, it confirmswhether the values before and after the variable X correspond to “{” and“}”, respectively (step 545). If the value of the variable X is not anumerical character indicating the assignment portion (step 545: NO),The test resource file generating unit 330 refers to the conversiontable 320 to convert the character of the variable X, and assigns theconverted character to a variable Y (step 550). If the value of thevariable X is a numerical character indicating the assignment portion(step 545: YES), The test resource file generating unit 330 assigns thevalue of the variable X as it is to the variable Y (step 555). It isassumed that the conversion table 320 defines such that the characters“{” and “}” become the same characters after the conversion. Thereafter,The test resource file generating unit 330 writes the variable Y to thetest resource file 340 (step 560). It then confirms whether thecharacter previously read from the variable Text is the last character(step 565). If it is not the last character (step 565: NO), the processreturns to the step 540. If it is the last character (step 565: YES),the process returns to the step 515.

Returning to FIG. 3, the portion in FIG. 3 delimited by a dashed-dottedline shows a functional block diagram of an apparatus 350 for testing atest object program using a mock-translated resource file and aplurality of fonts prepared for respective test categories, according toan embodiment of the present invention. Herein, the apparatus 300 forcreating the test resource file and the apparatus 350 for testing thetest object program are explained separately for convenience of theexplanation. In effect, it is possible to implement the function of theapparatus 350 and the function of the apparatus 300 with a singlecomputer. The apparatus 350 includes: the second storage unit storingthe test resource file 340, a test object program execution unit 355, adisplay screen creation unit 360, a font selection unit 365, and a thirdstorage unit including a plurality of fonts prepared for the respectivetest categories. The plurality of fonts included in the third storageunit include: a default font 370, a hard-coded character detection font375, a garbled character detection font 380, a reverse font 385, a sortfont 390, and another font 395. It is noted that the second storage unitand the third storage unit may physically be a same storage device.

The test resource file 340 stored in the second storage unit is aresource file written in a translation target language that is thesecond language, as explained above. The test resource file 340 isstored in the second storage unit as a resource file of the test objectprogram. The test object program execution unit 355 executes the testobject program. Upon execution of the test object program, the testobject program execution unit 355 firstly reads the test resource file340 from the second storage unit and, thereafter, refers to the testresource file 340 to execute processing of the test object program andoutputs the processed results.

The display screen creation unit 360 receives the processed results fromthe test object program, and creates a display screen of the processedresults using the default font included in the third storage unit. Atthis time, the display screen creation unit 360 temporarily stores theprocessed results received from the test object program in a buffer. Thecreated display screen is transmitted to a display device for display.When receiving a designation of a font from the font selection unit 365,the display screen creation unit 360 reads the processed results of thetest object program from the buffer, and newly creates a display screenof the processed results using the designated font. The created displayscreen is again transmitted to the display device for display.

The font selection unit 365, when receiving a selection request of afont to be used from a user via an input device such as a mouse,keyboard and the like, refers to the third storage unit to confirmavailable fonts, and creates a dialog box for font selection. The fontselection unit 365 transmits the created dialog box to the displaydevice. When receiving a designation of the font to be used from theuser, the font selection unit 365 notifies the display screen creationunit 360 of the designated font type.

Now, prior to the description of the plurality of fonts prepared for therespective test categories according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, the processed results of the test object program displayedusing a normal or regular font will be described. When the processedresults of the test object program that performs processing by referringto the test resource file 410 shown in FIG. 4C are displayed using aregular font, a display screen 660 as shown in FIG. 6 is obtained. It isnoted that the display screen 110 shown in FIG. 1C is the display screenof the processed results of the test object program that performsprocessing by referring to the original resource file 100. As describedabove, the test resource file 410 does not include any Englishcharacters, and thus, it is supposed that no English characters would bedisplayed on the output display screen. Accordingly, the Englishcharacter string “Green” displayed in the field 665 in FIG. 6 is ahard-coded character string. In the display screen 660, however, thereexist both Japanese characters and English characters, making it hardfor the tester to immediately detect the hard-coded character string.

Further, the character string displayed on the button 680 in FIG. 6differs from the character string of MSG02 in the test resource file410, which means that it has garbled characters. However, since thereare many types of characters displayed on the display screen 660, it isnot possible for the tester to determine that the character stringdisplayed on the button 680 includes garbled characters by seeing thedisplay screen 660 alone. Furthermore, the three character stringsdisplayed on the list box 670 in FIG. 6 include various Japanesecharacters such as hiragana letters, Chinese letters, katakana letters,and symbols, and accordingly, when the tester executes sorting, it isnot possible for the tester to immediately determine whether the sortresult is correct or not. As described above, when the test resourcefile according to the embodiment of the present invention is usedtogether with a regular font, it is not possible to provide a screendisplay suitable for a test for each test category.

Hereinafter, the plurality of fonts prepared for the respective testcategories according to the embodiment of the present invention will beexplained. Firstly, the hard-coded character detection font 375 used fordetection of hard-coded character strings will be explained. In thedetection of the hard-coded character strings, a plurality of charactercodes corresponding to the characters of the original language as thefirst language correspond to a plurality of character codes as the testobjects, or, the objects of detection. Since the test resource file 340according to the present invention is created by converting all thecharacters of the original language included in the original resourcefile 310 to the characters of the translation target language based onthe conversion table 320, it can be said that any character of theoriginal language included in the output of the test object program thatperforms processing by referring to the test resource file 340 should bethe character hard-coded in the source code, or one derived from anotherresource that is not a test object. The character codes corresponding tothe characters of the translation target language as the second languageincluded in the conversion table 320, and the character codes notcorresponding to either the characters of the original language or thecharacters of the translation target language included in the conversiontable 320, correspond to a plurality of character codes that are not thetest objects.

In the hard-coded character detection font 375, all the character codesthat are not the test objects are associated with a same character shapein order to improve visibility of the characters of the originallanguage as the test objects on a screen. The same character shape ispreferably an inconspicuous character shape such as a hollow square or ablank, a less frequently used character shape, or an inconspicuous andless frequently used character shape. On the other hand, the charactercodes of the original language as the test objects are associated withthe character shapes of the characters of the original languagecorresponding to the relevant character codes without modification.

FIG. 7A shows, as an example of the hard-coded character detection font375, a table 700 of the hard-coded character detection font in the caseof creating a test resource file using the conversion table 405 shown inFIG. 4B with English as the original language and Japanese as thetranslation target language. In the leftmost column of the table 700 arethe character codes, and in the rightmost column are glyphs in thehard-coded character detection font assigned to the correspondingcharacter codes. It is noted that the “glyph” refers to a charactershape assigned to a character code. Glyphs of a regular font are addedin the central column of the table 700 for reference. In the table 700,the character codes U+3000 to U+FFEA correspond to the Japanesecharacters included in the conversion table 405. Since they are thecharacter codes that are not the test objects as explained above, here,they are each assigned with a hollow square character shape. In thetable 700, the character codes U+0020 to U+007E correspond to theEnglish characters. They are the character codes as the test objects asexplained above, and thus, they are each assigned with the charactershape of the original character.

The other character codes in the table 700 correspond to a plurality ofother character codes of Unicode. Since they are not the test objects asexplained above, they are each assigned with a hollow square charactershape, as are the above-described character codes. It should be notedthat the number of rows in the table 700 does not indicate the actualnumber of the character codes. FIG. 7B shows a display screen 705 in thecase where the processed results of the test object program thatperforms processing by referring to the test resource file 410 shown inFIG. 4C are displayed using the table 700 of the hard-coded characterdetection font. In FIG. 7B, the characters other than the hard-codedcharacter string “Green” shown in the field 710 are all displayed as thehollow square symbols. As such, when the hard-coded character detectionfont 375 is used, the characters that are not the test objects are alldisplayed in the same character shape, which allows the tester toreadily detect the hard-coded characters without being misled by thecharacters that are not the objects of detection including those of thetranslation target language.

The garbled character detection font 380 will now be explained that isused for determination of displayability of the characters specific tothe translation target language as the second language. In thedetermination of displayability, the character codes not correspondingto either the characters of the original language or the characters ofthe translation target language included in the conversion table 320correspond to a plurality of character codes as the test objects, or,the objects of detection. Since the test resource file 340 of thepresent invention is created by converting all the characters of theoriginal language included in the original resource file 310 to thecharacters of the translation target language based on the conversiontable 320, the characters to be included in the output of the testobject program that has read the test resource file 340 should be thecharacters of the translation target language included in the conversiontable 320. Nevertheless, the output may include the characters of theoriginal language hard-coded in the source code or derived from anotherresource other than the test object, as described above in conjunctionwith the hard-coded character detection font 375. The relevantcharacters of the original language are not those displayed as a resultof garbling. Therefore, if the output includes any character other thanthe characters of the translation target language included in theconversion table 320 and the characters of the original language, itmust be a character that is not supposed to be displayed, i.e., agarbled character.

As such, the character codes corresponding to the characters of theoriginal language and the character codes corresponding to thecharacters of the translation target language included in the conversiontable correspond to a plurality of character codes that are not the testobjects. In the garbled character detection font 380, the charactercodes as the test objects are all associated with a same character shapein order to improve visibility of the garbled characters as the testobjects on the screen. The same character shape is preferably aconspicuous character shape such as a postal mark, or a character shapeless frequently used and conspicuous. On the other hand, the charactercodes that are not the test objects are each associated with a samecharacter shape that is different from the character shape associated tothe character codes as the test objects. This same character shape ispreferably an inconspicuous character shape such as a hollow square or ablank.

FIG. 8A shows, as an example of the garbled character detection font380, a table 800 of the garbled character detection font in the case ofgenerating a test resource file based on the conversion table 405 shownin FIG. 4B, with English as the original language and Japanese as thetranslation target language. In the leftmost column of the table 800 arethe character codes of the garbled character detection font 380, and inthe rightmost column are glyphs assigned to the corresponding charactercodes. Further, in the central column are glyphs in a regular font addedfor reference. In the table 800, the character codes U+3000 to U+FFEAare those corresponding to the Japanese characters included in theconversion table 405. As explained above, they are the character codesthat are not the test objects, and thus, a hollow square character shapeis assigned to each of them.

In the table 800, the character codes U+0020 to U+007E are thosecorresponding to the English characters. They also are the charactercodes that are not the test objects as described above, and thus, ahollow square character shape is assigned to each of them. The othercharacter codes in the table 800 are a plurality of other charactercodes in Unicode. Since they are the character codes as the test objectsas explained above, the character shape of postal mark is assigned toeach of them in this example. It should be noted that the number of rowsin the table 800 does not indicate the actual number of character codes.

FIG. 8B shows a display screen 810 in the case where the processedresults of the test object program that performs processing by referringto the test resource file 410 shown in FIG. 4C are displayed using thetable 800 of the garbled character detection font 380. In FIG. 8B, thepostal marks are displayed on the button 830, making it possible toimmediately understand that garbled characters are displayed thereon. Assuch, when using the garbled character detection font 380, the garbledcharacters are displayed in a prescribed character shape, therebyallowing the tester to readily detect the garbled characters even if thetranslation target language has a great number of types of characters.Moreover, the characters that are not the test objects, such as thosedisplayed in the list box 820, are displayed in the same, inconspicuouscharacter shape, so that the tester can readily detect the garbledcharacters, without being misled by the characters other than theobjects of detection, such as the characters of the translation targetlanguage, which are displayed correctly.

The reverse font 385 will now be explained that is used for confirmationof the character strings included in the resource file written in thefirst language. In the confirmation of the original character strings,the character codes corresponding to the characters of the originallanguage and the character codes corresponding to the characters of thetranslation target language included in the conversion table 320correspond to a plurality of character codes as the test objects, or,the objects of confirmation. Since the test resource file 340 of thepresent invention is created by converting all the characters of theoriginal language included in the original resource file 310 to thecharacters of the translation target language based on the conversiontable 320, it is not possible to obtain information regarding theoriginal character strings from the output screen of the test objectprogram that performs processing by referring to the test resource file340. Thus, in order to obtain the information regarding the originalcharacter strings, the character codes corresponding to the charactersof the original language and the character codes corresponding to thecharacters of the translation target language included in the conversiontable 320 are used. The character codes not corresponding to either thecharacters of the original language or the characters of the translationtarget language included in the conversion table 320 correspond to aplurality of character codes that are not the test objects.

For the purpose of obtaining the information regarding the originalcharacter strings, the character codes corresponding to the charactersof the translation target language included in the conversion table 320are each associated with the character shape of the character of theoriginal language that has the character of the translation targetlanguage corresponding to the relevant character code as the“converted-to” character upon generation of the test resource file 340.In this manner, it can be configured such that the character stringsincluded in the original resource file 310 are each displayed in theoriginal language on the output screen of the test object program thatperforms processing by referring to the test resource file 340 of thepresent invention. Further, the character codes corresponding to thecharacters of the original language are each assigned with the charactershape of the character corresponding to the relevant character code.This ensures that the perfect information regarding the originalcharacter strings can be obtained even in the presence of hard-codedcharacter string(s). Meanwhile, the character codes that are not thetest objects are each associated with a same character shape tofacilitate identification. It can be said that they are the charactercodes of the garbled characters, as explained above in conjunction withthe garbled character detection font 380. That is, in the display screenusing the reverse font, it is not only possible to obtain theinformation regarding the original character strings, but also possibleto detect the garbled characters. In this regard, the same charactershape is preferably a conspicuous character shape such as a postal mark,or a conspicuous and less frequently used character shape.

FIG. 9A shows, as an example of the reverse font 385, a table 850 of thereverse font in the case of generating a test resource file 340 based onthe conversion table 405 shown in FIG. 4B, with English as the originallanguage and Japanese as the translation target language. In the table850, to facilitate understanding, the character codes of the charactersof the original, English language and the corresponding characters areadded in the leftmost two columns. Accordingly, the central column ofthe table 850 shows the character codes of the reverse font 385 and therightmost column shows glyphs assigned to the corresponding charactercodes. The column therebetween shows glyphs in a regular font. In thetable 850, the character codes U+3000 to U+FFEA are those correspondingto the Japanese characters included in the conversion table 405. Asexplained above, they are the character codes as the test objects, sothat they are assigned with the character shapes of the original Englishcharacters before conversion.

Referring to the portion 855 in FIG. 9A delimited by a dotted line, thecharacter code U+8868 is assigned with the character shape of

in the regular font. In the reverse font 385, the character code U+8868is assigned with the character shape of “S”, which is the charactercorresponding to the character code U+0053 of English that has thecharacter code U+8868 as the “converted-to” code. In the table 850, thecharacter codes U+0020 to U+007E are those corresponding to the Englishcharacters. They are the character codes corresponding to the charactersof the original language as explained above, and thus, the charactershapes of the characters of the original language are assigned theretowithout modification. The other character codes in the table 850correspond to a plurality of other character codes in Unicode. Theycorrespond to the garbled characters as explained above, so that thecharacter shape of the postal mark is assigned thereto in this example.It should be noted that the number of rows in the table 850 does notindicate the actual number of the character codes.

FIG. 9B shows a display screen 860 in the case where the processedresults of the test object program that read the test resource file 410shown in FIG. 4C at the time of activation are displayed using the table850 of the reverse font. As seen in FIG. 9B, the character strings aredisplayed in the original, English language except for the portion ofthe button 880 having the garbled characters, and the screen isapproximately the same as the original display screen 110 shown in FIG.1C. As such, when using the reverse font 385, the tester can readilydetect the garbled characters while he/she can confirm the originalcharacter strings without the need to open the original resource file.

The sort font 390 will now be explained that is used for determinationof validity of the sort result of the character strings according to theorder of the characters defined in the translation target language asthe second language. In the determination of validity of the sortresult, the character codes corresponding to the characters of thetranslation target language included in the conversion table 320correspond to a plurality of character codes as the test objects. Sincethe test resource file 340 of the present invention is created byconverting all the characters of the original language included in theoriginal resource file 310 to the characters of the translation targetlanguage based on the conversion table 320, the output of the testobject program that read the test resource file 340 must include thecharacters of the translation target language included in the conversiontable 320. Accordingly, the character codes corresponding to thecharacters of the original language as the first language, as well asthe character codes not corresponding to either the characters of theoriginal language or the characters of the translation target languageincluded in the conversion table 320, correspond to a plurality ofcharacter codes that are not the test objects.

In the sort font 390, in order to facilitate determination on the screenas to whether the character strings of the translation target languageare sorted correctly according to the order of the characters defined inthe translation target language, the character codes as the test objectsare each associated with a character shape that indicates the orderdefined for the character corresponding to the relevant character code.Meanwhile, the character codes that are not the test objects are eachassociated with a same character shape, which is preferably a lessfrequently used character shape, an inconspicuous character shape, or aless frequently used and inconspicuous character shape, such as a hollowsquare or a blank.

FIG. 10A shows, as an example of the sort font 390, a table 900 of thesort font in the case of creating a test resource file 340 using theconversion table 405 shown in FIG. 4B with English as the originallanguage and Japanese as the translation target language. In theleftmost column of the table 900 are the character codes, and in therightmost column are glyphs in the sort font assigned to thecorresponding character codes. In the central column of the table 900,glyphs in a regular font are added for reference. In the table 900, thecharacter codes U+3000 to U+FFEA are those corresponding to the Japanesecharacters included in the conversion table 405. They are the charactercodes as the test objects as explained above, and thus, they are eachassigned with the character shape indicating the order defined for therelevant character. It is noted that the “order of the charactersdefined in the translation target language” may be any order; how todefine the order of the characters depends on which kind of test is tobe conducted. Herein, the order of the character codes of the Japanesecharacters included in the conversion table 405 is employed. For thecharacter codes such as the character code U+FFEA to which symbols areassigned in the glyphs of the regular font, an inconspicuous charactershape such as a hollow square may be assigned instead of the number like(93).

In the table 900, the character codes U+0020 to U+007E are thosecorresponding to the English characters. The other character codes inthe table 900 correspond to a plurality of other character codes inUnicode. Since they are the character codes that are not the testobjects as described above, they are each assigned with a hollow squarecharacter shape in this example. It should be noted that the number ofrows in the table 900 does not indicate the actual number of thecharacter codes. FIG. 10B shows a display screen 905 in the case wherethe processed results of the test object program that performsprocessing by referring to the test resource file 410 shown in FIG. 4Care displayed using the table 900 of the sort font. Referring to FIG.10B, the characters of the character strings to be listed on a list box915 are all displayed as the numbers. Thus, determination as to whethera sort result when executing the sort command by clicking on the button920 (see the button 125 in FIG. 1C) is correct or not can readily bemade by checking the numbers corresponding to the first characters ofthe respective character strings (if they are the same number, thenumbers of the following characters; this applies hereinafter as well).As such, when using the sort font 390, it is readily possible todetermine whether the sorting is correct or not even if the translationtarget language has a great number of types of characters.

The four fonts described above, i.e., the hard-coded character detectionfont 375, the garbled character detection font 380, the reverse font385, and the sort font 390, can be created for example in the followingmanner. The existing font file is copied and given a new name. The newlycreated font file is opened using a commercially available font editoror the like, and the character shapes to be assigned to the charactercodes are edited as appropriate to create any of the above-describedfonts of the present invention. It is of course possible to create thefont of the present invention from the beginning by using a font editor.As for the character coding scheme designated when creating a fontaccording to the present invention, any character coding scheme may beselected as long as it includes the character set of the originallanguage and the character set of the translation target language.

Hereinafter, an example of a process flow for testing a test objectprogram by using a mock-translated resource file and a plurality offonts prepared for respective test categories according to an embodimentof the present invention will be explained with reference to theflowchart shown in FIG. 11A. Firstly, as pre-processing, a test resourcefile 340 is stored in the second storage unit, and a plurality of fontsprepared for the respective test categories are stored in the thirdstorage unit together with a regular font, in such a manner that theycan be referred to by the test object program execution unit 355, thedisplay screen creation unit 360 and the font selection unit 365. Inorder for the fonts to be actually used, it is necessary to install thefonts into a computer that uses the fonts. The installing method will beexplained later in conjunction with an implementation example. As theprocessing starts, firstly, the test object program execution unit 355reads the test resource file 340 from the second storage unit (step600). The test object program execution unit 355 performs variousprocessing of the test object program by referring to the test resourcefile 340 (step 605), and outputs the processed results (step 610).

The display screen creation unit 360 receives the processed results fromthe test object program, and creates a display screen of the processedresults by using a default font included in the third storage unit (step615). At this time, the display screen creation unit 360 temporarilystores the processed results received from the test object program in abuffer. The display screen creation unit 360 transmits the createddisplay screen to a display device (step 620). The font selection unit365 waits for an input from the user (step 625), and upon reception ofthe input, it determines whether the received input corresponds to afont selection request (step 630). If it is not the font selectionrequest (step 630: NO), the process is terminated here. If it is thefont selection request (step 630: YES), the font selection unit 365confirms available fonts by referring to the third storage unit, andcreates a display screen for font selection (step 635). The fontselection unit 365 then transmits the created display screen for fontselection to the display device to be displayed on the screen (step640).

When the font selection unit 365 receives a designation of the font tobe used from the user (step 645), it provides the display screencreation unit 360 with information regarding the type of the designatedfont. The display screen creation unit 360 reads the processed resultsof the test object program from the buffer, and newly creates a displayscreen of the processed results using the font selected by the user(step 650). The display screen creation unit 360 again transmits thecreated display screen to the display device (step 655). The processthen returns to the step 625.

Now, referring to FIG. 11B, the process in the step 650 will beexplained in detail. Firstly, the display screen creation unit 360 readsthe processed results of the test object program from the buffer (step660). The display screen creation unit 360 determines whether the readprocessed results include data to be processed next (step 665). If thereis no data to be processed next (step 665: NO), the process isterminated here. If there is any data to be processed next (step 665:YES), the display screen creation unit 360 reads the data to beprocessed next from the processed results (step 670), and determineswhether the data includes any character code (step 675). If it includesno character code (step 675: NO), the display screen creation unit 360creates a part of the display screen based on the data to be processedwithout modification (step 680). If it is determined in the step 675that at least one character code is included, the display screencreation unit 360 retrieves the character shape assigned to the relevantcharacter code from the font designated by the user (step 685), and usesthe retrieved character shape to create a part of the display screenbased on the data to be processed (step 690).

Each font according to the present invention includes a plurality offirst character codes that are to be the test objects, a plurality ofitems of first character shape information associated one for one withthe first character codes according to a first rule, a plurality ofsecond character codes that are the other character codes of aprescribed character coding scheme, and a plurality of items of secondcharacter shape information associated one for one with the secondcharacter codes according to a second rule. Accordingly, in the casewhere any font of the present invention is designated in the step 645shown in FIG. 11A, if the character code included in the data to beprocessed is the first character code that is the test object, then thedisplay screen creation unit 360 retrieves from the font the firstcharacter shape information assigned to the relevant first charactercode according to the first rule, and uses the information for screendisplay. If the character code included in the data to be processed isthe second character code that is not the test object, the displayscreen creation unit 360 retrieves from the font the second charactershape information assigned to the second character code according to thesecond rule, and uses the information for screen display. Accordingly,on the display screen, the first character code as the test object andthe second character code that is not the test object are displayed in adistinguishable manner. After the step 680 or the step 690, the processreturns to the step 665.

Hereinafter, an implementation example of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 12-14. FIG. 12 shows an implementationexample of a system 950 implementing the present invention. The system950 includes a Web server 970, a storage device 955 connected to the Webserver 970, a client 975 connected to the Web server 970 via a network,and a storage device 980 connected to the client 975. The storage device955 includes a Web application 960 as a test object program, and a testresource file 965. The storage device 980 includes a Web browser 985 anda plurality of fonts 990 prepared for the respective test categories.

The Web server 970, when receiving a processing request from the client975 via the network, activates the Web application 960 that executes theprocessing. Further, when receiving processed results from the Webapplication 960, the Web server 970 transmits the processed results tothe client 975 who requested the processing via the network. The Webapplication 960 as the test object program is loaded to a RAM of the Webserver 970 from the storage device 955, and executed by a centralprocessing unit (CPU) of the Web server 970, to thereby function as thetest object program execution unit 355 shown in FIG. 3. The Webapplication 960 reads the test resource file 965 from the storage device955 at the time of activation, to execute the requested processing byreferring to the relevant test resource file 965. The processed resultsoutputted from the Web application 960 are passed to the Web server 970.

The client 975 activates the Web browser 985 in response to a requestfrom a tester who tests the Web application 960. The Web browser 985 isloaded from the storage device 980 to a RAM of the client 975, andexecuted by a CPU of the client 975, to function as the display screencreation unit 360 and the font selection unit 365 shown in FIG. 3. TheWeb browser 985, in response to an input of the tester, requests theprocessing provided by the Web application 960 from the Web server 970.When receiving the processed results from the Web server 970, the Webbrowser 985 serving as the display screen creation unit 360 creates adisplay screen of the processed results using a default font, anddisplays it on a display of the client 975.

When receiving a font selection request from the tester, the Web browser985 serving as the font selection unit 365 acquires a list of availablefonts by referring to the fonts stored in the storage device 980 or bycalling a function for acquiring available font names, and displays adialog box for font selection on the display of the client 975. Whenreceiving a designation of the font to be used from the tester, the Webbrowser 985 uses the designated font to display again the processedresults on the display of the client 975.

In order to allow the Web browser 985 to refer to the plurality of fonts990 prepared for the respective test categories according to the presentinvention, it is necessary to install the fonts 990 into the client 975.Such installation is carried out by an operating system (OS) running onthe client 975. For example, when using Microsoft Windows (registeredtrademark) XP as the OS, the fonts are installed using the Fonts in theControl Panel functioning to add, modify and manage the fonts of thecomputer. There is “Install new font” prepared in the file menu of theFonts. When using Microsoft Windows (registered trademark) versionsbefore XP, the font management software called Adobe Type Manager (ATM)can be used. Once the ATM is installed into the computer, all that isneeded is to drag and drop the font file into the system folder andrestart the computer.

A process flow of the system 950 will now be explained with reference tothe flowchart in FIG. 13. The Web server 970 waits for a request fromthe client in the step 700. The Web browser 985 as the client waits foran input from the tester (step 705). When receiving the request for theprocessing provided by the Web application 960, the Web browser 985transmits the request to the Web server 970 (step 710). In response toreception of the request (step 715), the Web server 970 activates theWeb application 960 (step 720). Upon activation, the Web application 960reads the test resource file according to the present invention (step725), and refers to the test resource file to execute the requestedprocessing (step 730). The Web application 960 outputs processed resultsand passes them to the Web server 970 (step 735).

In response to reception of the processed results (step 740), the Webserver 970 transmits the processed results to the Web browser 985 (step745). When receiving the processed results (step 750), the Web browser985 creates a display screen of the processed results using a defaultfont (step 755), and displays the same on the display of the client 975(step 760). The Web browser 985 waits for an input from the tester (step765). Upon reception of the input from the tester, the Web browser 985determines whether the input corresponds to a font selection request(step 770). If it is the font selection request (step 770: YES), the Webbrowser 985 refers to the storage device 980 to check the availablefonts, and creates a list of available fonts including the plurality offonts prepared for the respective test categories according to thepresent invention (step 775).

The Web browser 985 uses the created list to display a dialog box forfont selection on the display of the client 975 (step 780) (see FIG.14), and waits for a designation of the font from the tester. Inresponse to an input of the font designation from the tester (step 785),the Web browser 985 uses the designated font to display the processedresults again (steps 790, 795). In the case of NO in the step 770, i.e.,if the input from the tester is not the font selection request, theprocess proceeds to the step 800, where the Web browser 985 executesother processing. After the step 795 or the step 800, the processreturns to the step 765, where the Web browser 985 again waits for aninput from the tester. While the processes in the steps 765 through 795are repeated, when the fonts are switched by the tester among thoseprepared for the respective test categories according to the presentinvention, the corresponding display screens as shown in FIGS. 7B, 8B,9B and 10B are displayed on the display of the client in turn.

FIG. 15 shows an example of a hardware configuration of the apparatus300 for creating a test resource file according to the presentinvention. FIG. 15 also shows an example of a hardware configuration ofthe apparatus 350 for testing a test object program using amock-translated resource file and a plurality of fonts prepared for therespective test categories, according to the present invention. FIG. 15may also be regarded as an example of a hardware configuration of acomputer when implementing the function of the apparatus 300 and thefunction of the apparatus 350 in a single computer. In the system 950explained referring to FIGS. 12-14, the apparatus 350 is configured withtwo computers, i.e., the Web server 970 and the client 975. In such acase, the hardware configuration shown in FIG. 15 may be regarded as anexample of the hardware configuration of each of the Web server 970 andthe client 975.

A system 1000 includes: a CPU peripheral portion that includes a CPU1010 and a RAM 1040 connected to each other by a host controller 1015, agraphic controller 1020, and a display device 1025; an input/outputportion that includes a communication interface 1070, a hard disk drive1050 and a CD-ROM drive 1060 that are connected to the host controller1015 by an input/output controller 1030; and a legacy input/outputportion that includes a super I/O controller 1080 connected to theinput/output controller 1030, a flexible disk drive 1090 connected tothe super I/O controller 1080, a flash ROM 1100, and a keyboard mousecontroller 1110.

The host controller 1015 connects the CPU 1010 with the RAM 1040, theCPU 1010 accessing the RAM 1040 at a high transfer rate. The CPU 1010operates based on a program stored in a hard disk to control theportions. The program for testing the test object program according tothe present invention is stored in a recording medium such as an opticalrecording medium like a flexible disk, CD-ROM, DVD or PD, amagneto-optical recording medium like an MD, or a semiconductor memorylike an IC card, and provided to a user. Alternatively, the program fortesting the test object program may be downloaded from an externalcomputer via the network. Similarly, the plurality of fonts prepared forthe respective test categories according to the present invention arestored in the recording medium such as the optical recording medium likea flexible disk, CD-ROM, DVD or PD, the magneto-optical recording mediumlike an MD, or the semiconductor memory like an IC card, oralternatively downloaded via the network, and provided to the user.

The input/output controller 1030 connects the host controller 1015 withthe communication interface 1070, the hard disk drive 1050 and theCD-ROM drive 1060, which are relatively high-speed input/output devices.The communication interface 1070 communicates with another computer viathe network. The CD-ROM drive 1060 reads a program or data from aCD-ROM, and provides the same to the CPU 1010 via the input/outputcontroller 1030. The input/output controller 1030 is connected with aflash ROM 1100 and with the relatively low-speed input/output devicessuch as the flexible disk drive 1090 and the keyboard mouse controller1110. The flash ROM 1100 stores a boot program executed by the CPU 1010upon activation of the device system 1000, a program dependent onhardware and others. The flexible disk drive 1090 reads a program ordata from a flexible disk, and provides the same to the super I/Ocontroller 1080 via the RAM 1040. The super I/O controller 1080 connectsthe flexible disk and various input/output devices via parallel port,serial port, keyboard port, mouse port and the like.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be notedthat, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in theblock may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, twoblocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantiallyconcurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverseorder, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be notedthat each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedsystems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations ofspecial purpose hardware and computer instructions.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of oneor more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of allmeans or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended toinclude any structure, material, or act for performing the function incombination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. Thedescription of the present invention has been presented for purposes ofillustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

1. An apparatus for testing internationalization software that conductsprocessing with reference to an externalized resource file, comprising:a first storage unit for storing a conversion table where theexternalized resource file written in a first language and thecharacters in the first language relate one for one to the characters inthe second language; a generation means for generating a test resourcefile written in the second language from the externalized resource fileby converting the characters in the first language into the charactersin the second language with reference to the conversion table; a secondstorage unit for storing the generated test resource file; a means forexecuting the internationalization software; and a display screenpreparation unit for preparing a display screen [for displaying] outputinformation to be outputted from the internationalization software forprocessing for a display screen preparation as a result of theprocessing with reference to the test resource file as the externalizedresource file, on a screen with reference to one of a plurality of fontsprepared per test category of the internationalization software, inresponse to a switching operation of fonts; wherein character codesincluded in the output information can be classified into any of threegroups of: a first group composed of a plurality of character codescorresponding to a plurality of characters in the first language, whichare not supposed to be included in the output information; a secondgroup composed of a plurality of character codes corresponding to thecharacters in the second language included in the conversion table,which are supposed to be included in the output information; and a thirdgroup composed of a plurality of character codes not corresponding toany of a plurality of characters in the first language and a pluralityof characters in the second languages included in the conversion table,which are not supposed to be included in the output information; thetest categories include a character string confirmation for confirmingcharacter strings included in the externalized resource file written inthe first language, and the fonts used for said character stringconfirmation relate character shapes of the characters in the firstlanguage where the characters in the second language corresponding tocharacter codes are regarded as the characters after conversion on theoccasion of generating the test resource file, to a plurality of saidcharacter codes included in the second group, respectively, and, relatecharacter shapes of the characters in the first language correspondingto character codes to a plurality of said character codes included inthe first group without modification; and the plurality of fonts exceptfor fonts used for the character string confirmation relate the samecharacter shape or a plurality of different character shapes to thecharacter codes included any one group of the first to the third groups,which are test objects in the corresponding test items, respectively,and, relate a same character shape, which is different from said samecharacter shape to character codes included any remaining two groups ofthe first to the third groups, respectively, and the character code thatis a test object and the other character codes are distinguishable onthe display of the output information using the fonts.
 2. The apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the test categories include detection ofcharacter strings that may be hard-coded character strings, and thefonts used for the detection of the hard-coded character strings regardthe first group as a group of the test object, and relates a pluralityof character codes in the first group to the character shapes of thecharacters in the first language corresponding to said character codeswithout modification, respectively.
 3. The apparatus according to claim1, wherein the test categories include determination of validity of asorting result of character strings in accordance with the order ofcharacters defined in the second language, and the fonts used for thedetermination of validity of the sorting result regards the second groupas the test object group, and relate character shapes indicating theorder defined for the characters in the second language corresponding tosaid character codes to the plurality of character codes in the secondgroup, respectively.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thetest categories include a determination of displayability of charactersspecific to the second language, and in the font used for thedetermination of displayability, the third group corresponds to thegroup of the test objects, and the character codes of the third groupare each associated with a same character shape.
 5. A program fortesting internationalization software that conducts processing withreference to an externalized resource file, causing a computer toexecute the steps of: reading data from the externalized resource filewritten in a first language; generating a test resource file written ina second language from the externalized resource file written in thefirst language by converting characters of the first language containedin the data into the characters of the second language with reference toa conversion table where the characters of the first language areassociated one for one with the characters of the second language;displaying output information to be outputted from theinternationalization software for processing for a display screenpreparation as a result of the processing with reference to the testresource file as the externalized resource file, on a screen withreference to one of a plurality of fonts prepared per test category ofthe internationalization software, in response to a switching operationof fonts; wherein character codes included in the output information canbe classified into any of three groups of: a first group composed of aplurality of character codes corresponding to a plurality of charactersin the first language, which are not supposed to be included in theoutput information; a second group composed of a plurality of charactercodes corresponding to the characters in the second language included inthe conversion table, which are supposed to be included in the outputinformation; and a third group composed of a plurality of charactercodes not corresponding to any of a plurality of characters in the firstlanguage and a plurality of characters in the second languages includedin the conversion table, which are not supposed to be included in theoutput information; the test categories include a character stringconfirmation for confirming character strings included in theexternalized resource file written in the first language, and the fontsused for said character string confirmation relate character shapes ofthe characters in the first language where the characters in the secondlanguage corresponding to character codes are regarded as the charactersafter conversion on the occasion of generating the test resource file,to a plurality of said character codes included in the second group,respectively, and, relate character shapes of the characters in thefirst language corresponding to character codes to a plurality of saidcharacter codes included in the first group without modification; andthe plurality of fonts except for fonts used for the character stringconfirmation relate the same character shape or a plurality of differentcharacter shapes to the character codes included any one group of thefirst to the third groups, which are test objects in the correspondingtest items, respectively, and, relate a same character shape, which isdifferent from said same character shape to character codes included anyremaining two groups of the first to the third groups, respectively, andthe character code that is a test object and the other character codesare distinguishable on the display of the output information using thefonts.
 6. The program according to claim 5, wherein the test categoriesinclude detection of character strings that may be hard-coded characterstrings, and the fonts used for the detection of the hard-codedcharacter strings regard the first group as a group of the test object,and relates a plurality of character codes in the first group to thecharacter shapes of the characters in the first language correspondingto said character codes without modification, respectively.
 7. Theprogram according to claim 5, wherein the test categories includedetermination of validity of a sorting result of character strings inaccordance with the order of characters defined in the second language,and the fonts used for the determination of validity of the sortingresult regards the second group as the test object group, and relatecharacter shapes indicating the order defined for the characters in thesecond language corresponding to said character codes to the pluralityof character codes in the second group, respectively.
 8. The programaccording to claim 5, wherein the test categories include adetermination of displayability of characters specific to the secondlanguage, and in the font used for the determination of displayability,the third group corresponds to the group of the test objects, and thecharacter codes of the third group are each associated with a samecharacter shape.